Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. Naturally occurring bacteria in the mouth form a sticky film, called plaque, which coats the teeth. If the film is not removed, toxins develop within the plaque that irritate the gums. This irritation of the gums, usually evidenced by red, swollen gums that bleed easily, is called gingivitis.

If not treated, gingivitis leads to periodontitis, the more advanced stage of periodontal disease. At this stage, the gums, bone, and other structures that support the tooth may suffer permanent damage. If the damage is severe enough the tooth may fall out, a painful abscess may develop, or the tooth may need to be removed.

Protecting against gingivitis and periodontitis starts with good oral hygiene that reduces plaque in the mouth. At a minimum, good hygiene includes brushing and flossing twice a day. In addition, regular dental check-ups lead to early detection of gingivitis and periodontitis before permanent damage occurs.

Periodontal diseases are so common that checking for the existence of gingivitis or periodontitis is part of a routine checkup. Using a periodontal probe, a very slender measuring device, your dentist measures the distance between the tooth and the surrounding gum. The normal space is three millimeters or less. If periodontal disease is present, the space between the tooth and gum widens creating "pockets". Plaque collects in the pockets, which are difficult to clean, leading to the development of more toxins in the mouth, deeper pockets, and leading to the possibility of permanent tooth loss.

If you are suffering from red, tender, swollen gums that bleed easily, you may be suffering from gingivitis or periodontitis. However, many patients that suffer from gingivitis or periodontitis experience no discomfort at all. The best way to protect yourself from the potential loss of teeth due to periodontal disease is to have regular cleanings and examinations. If you haven't been to the dentist in the last six months, contact your dentist and make an appointment for a checkup. A beautiful smile is a terrible thing to lose.